Symptoms of Anal Fissure

• Sharp Pain: Intense pain during and after bowel movements.
• Bleeding: Bright red blood on the stool or toilet paper.
• Itching and Irritation: Persistent discomfort around the anus.
• Visible Tear: A small tear in the skin around the anus.
• Spasms: Muscle spasms in the anal sphincter.

Causes of Anal Fissure

• Constipation: Passing hard or large stools can tear the anal lining.
• Chronic Diarrhea: Frequent bowel movements can cause trauma.
• Childbirth: The strain of childbirth can lead to fissures.
• Anal Intercourse: Can cause direct trauma to the anal canal.
• Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions like Crohn’s disease can increase the risk of fissures.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing an anal fissure usually involves:

• Physical Examination: A visual inspection of the anal area.
• Medical History: Discussion of symptoms and potential causes.
• Anoscopy: A procedure to look inside the anus and rectum if needed.

Treatment Options

Conservative Treatments

• Dietary Changes: Increase fiber intake to soften stools.
• Hydration: Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.
• Stool Softeners: Help in making bowel movements less painful.
• Sitz Baths: Soak the anal area in warm water to reduce pain and promote healing.
• Topical Ointments: Use of anesthetic creams or nitroglycerin ointment to relax the anal sphincter.

Advanced Treatments

• Botox Injections: To paralyze the sphincter muscle temporarily and promote healing.
• Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy: A surgical procedure to cut a small portion of the anal sphincter muscle, reducing spasm and pain.
• Ayurvedic Ksharasutra Therapy: Involves the application of a medicated thread to promote healing and reduce inflammation.